3.6 All, both

Podem fer servir all i both amb substantius.

Fem servir all amb substantius plurals, p. ex.:

all (the) windows

I amb substantius incomptables, p. ex.:

all (the) food

Utilitzem both (ambdós, tots dos) només amb substantius comptables, p. ex.:

both (the) tables

Observeu que all i both van davant de the, that, these, etc.

All those pictures belong to Carlson. (Tots aquells quadres pertanyen a Carlson.)

There were holes in both the shoes. (Hi havia forats en les dues sabates.)

The finished all (of) the wine. (Van acabar tot el vi.)

Both fa referčncia a dues persones o coses; all fa referčncia a més de dues.

They have two children. Both of them are clever. (Tenen dos fills. Ambdós són intelˇligents.) (Error: They have two children. All of them are clever.)

They have four children. All of the children are clever. (Tenen quatre fills. Tots els fills són intelˇligents.)

Bolivia and Peru are both Spanish-speaking countries. (Bolívia i Perú són tots dos paďsos castellanoparlants.) (Error: Bolivia and Peru are all Spanish-speaking countries.)

Bolivia, Peru and Chile are all Spanish-speaking countries. (Bolívia, Perú i Xile són tots paďsos castellanoparlants.)

També utilitzem all i both amb pronoms. Quan van davant d'un pronom, es fa servir of, p. ex.: all of them, both of us, all of it.

They all belong to Carlson. (Tots pertanyen a Carlson.)

All of them belong to Carlson. (Tots pertanyen a Carlson.) (Error: All they belong to Carlson.)

There were holes in them both. (Hi havia forats en ambdues.)

There were holes in both of them. (Hi havia forats en ambdues.)

They finished it all. (Ho van acabar tot.)

They finished all of it. (Ho van acabar tot.)

Quan all i both modifiquen el subjecte de la frase, van o bé davant el subjecte o bé en mid-position, p. ex.:

Both (of) the teachers were present. (Els dos professors eren presents.)

Both of them were present. (Tots dos eren presents.)

The teachers were both present. (Els dos professors eren presents.)

They were both present. (Tots dos eren presents.)

All (of) the students passed the exam. (Tots els alumnes van aprovar l'examen.)

All of them passed the exam. (Tots van aprovar l'examen.)

The students all passed the exam. (Tots els alumnes van aprovar l'examen.)

They all passed the exam. (Tots van aprovar l'examen.)

Noteu que les expressions all (people) i all (things) són poc frequents. Fem servir més aviat everyone, everything, p. ex.:

Everyone was very excited. (Tothom estava molt nerviós.) (Error: All were very excited.)

I invited twelve people and everyone came. (Vaig convidar dotze persones i tots van venir.) (Error: I invited twelve people and all came.)

Everything is old and dirty. (Tot és vell i brut.) (Error: All is old and dirty.)

	Vegeu també Both ... and, either ... or, neither ... nor. Vegeu també All, each, every.