(En Smith ha escrit diverses novel·les.)
En Smith encara és viu i pot escriure més novel·les.
Compareu amb “Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets".Les formes són:
|
Affirmative |
Question |
Negative |
Catalan |
|||
|
I have seen |
have I seen? |
I have not seen |
he vist |
|||
|
you have seen |
have you seen? |
you have not seen |
has vist |
|||
|
he has seen |
has he seen? |
he has not seen |
(ell) ha vist |
|||
|
she has seen |
has she seen? |
she has not seen |
(ella) ha vist |
|||
|
it has seen |
has it seen? |
it has not seen |
(això) ha vist |
|||
|
we have seen |
have we seen? |
we have not seen |
hem vist |
|||
|
you have seen |
have you seen? |
you have not seen |
heu vist |
|||
|
they have seen |
have they seen? |
they have not seen |
han vist |
Fem servir el present perfect per a referir-nos a esdeveniments del passat:
| Smith has written several novels. (En Smith ha escrit diverses novel·les.) En Smith encara és viu i pot escriure més novel·les. Compareu amb “Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets". |
| What kind of jobs have you had? (Quina classe de feines has tingut?) |
| Has Jenny phoned? (Ha trucat la Jenny?) |
| A: What's happened? (Què ha passat?) |
| B: I've hurt my hand. (M'he fet mal a la mà.) |
| David's cut his finger. (En David s'ha tallat el dit.) |
Aquests dos últims exemples impliquen que encara tinc mal a la mà i que el tall encara hi es.
Aquest ús és sovint reforçat amb ever o never, p. ex.:
| Have you ever eaten elephant meat? (Has menjat mai carn d'elefant?) |
| Jim has never been to a classical music concert. (En Jim no ha anat mai a un concert de música clàssica.) |
També fem servir el present perfect per a referir-nos a un període de temps que va començar en el passat i que continua fins al present. Aquest període s'especifica amb:
| I haven't seen Sara this week/month/year. (No he vist la Sara aquest(a) setmana/mes/any.) |
| I've had this cold for a week. (Fa una setmana que tinc aquest refredat.) |
| A: How long have you worked there (for)? (Quant de temps has treballat allà?) |
| B: I've worked there for two years. (Hi he treballat dos anys.) |
| I haven't talked to Kim for a long time. (Fa molt de temps que no parlo amb en Kim.) |
| A lot of things have happened since your wedding. (Han passat moltes coses després del vostre casament.) |
El present perfect amb just in mid-position correspon a l'expressió verbal ‘acabar de’ en català, p. ex.:
| Jack has just left the office. (En Jack acaba de sortir de l'oficina.) |
| The post has just arrived. (El correu acaba d'arribar.) |
 | Vegeu already, still, yet, past simple i present perfect. |
