Forms: has gone, have listened.
We make questions and negatives with have and theparticiple of the main verb:
| Positive statement | She has listened. | They have gone. |
| Negative statement | They haven't gone. | She hasn't listened. |
| Positive question | Have they gone? | Has she listened? |
| Negative question | Haven't they gone? | Hasn't she listened? |
We use thepresent perfect forms to connect past time with present time. We use thepresent perfect simple for an action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present, e.g.:
| A: Has Susan lived in Canada for many years? (Fa molts anys que la Susan viu al Canadà?) |
| B1: Yes, she has lived in Canada for 10 years. (Sí, fa deu anys que viu al Canadà.) |
| B2: Yes, she has lived in Canada since 1994. (Sí, viu al Canadà des de 1994.) Compare: Susan went to live in Canada 10 years ago. (La Susan va anar a viure al Canadà fa 10 anys.) |
| I haven't seen Paula for a long time. (Fa molt de temps que no veig la Paula.) |
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This use includes sentences with this century, this year, this month, this week, today, this afternoon, etc., e.g.:
| Have there been many problems this year? (Hi ha hagut molts problemes aquest any?) |
| We haven't had any rain this week. (No hem tingut pluges aquesta setmana.) |
| What have you done today? (Què has fet avui?) |
We also use thepresent perfect simple for a past event that has a consequence in present time, e.g.:
| Peter has lost his watch. (El Peter ha perdut el rellotge.) |
| I've mended my bike. (M'he reparat la bici.) |
In this use we often use already, yet and still … not, e.g.:
| John has already written the letter. (El John ja ha escrit la carta.) |
| A: Has John written the letter yet? B1: No, he hasn't written it yet. (El John encara no ha escrit la carta.) B2: No, he still hasn't written it. (El John encara no ha escrit la carta.) |
We can also use thepresent perfect simple with how often? and an expression of frequency, e.g.:
| A: How many times/often have you washed your hair this month? (Quantes vegades/Amb quina freqüència t'has rentat els cabells aquest mes?) |
| B: I've washed it two or three times a week. (Els he rentat dos o tres cops per setmana.) |
In reference to a person's achievements (and without a time adverbial), if we use thepresent perfect, the implication is that the person is still alive, e.g.:
| Sally Jennings has written three novels and many short stories.
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We also use thepresent perfect, often with ever, never or a number of times, to refer to the complete history of a place or life of a living person, e.g.:
| A: Have you ever eaten kangaroo meat? (Alguna vegada ha menjat carn de cangur?) |
| B: No, I've never eaten kangaroo meat? (No, mai no he menjat carn de cangur.) |
| Jim has seen that film six times. (El Jim ha vist aquella pel·lícula sis cops.) |
| This village has never had many tourists. (Aquest poble no ha tingut mai molts turistes.) |
We also use thepresent perfect simple in the following way, e.g.:
| This is the first time I've eaten kangaroo meat. (Aquesta és la primera vegada que menjo carn de cangur.) |
With just the present perfect corresponds to acabar de in Catalan, e.g.:
| The post has just arrived. (El correu acaba d'arribar.) |
| I've just met the new director. (Acabo de conèixer la nova directora.) |
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